In traction elevator, the car and counterweight are suspended on both sides of the traction wheel, and the car is the carrying part for transporting passengers or goods, and it is also the only structural part of the elevator seen by passengers. The purpose of using counterweights is to reduce the burden on the motor and improve the traction efficiency. Reel-driven and hydraulically driven elevators rarely use counterweights, because both elevator cars can be lowered by their own weight.
I. Car
1. Composition of the car
The car is generally composed of car frame, car bottom, car wall, car top and other main components.
Various types of elevator car basic structure is the same, due to different uses in the specific structure and appearance will have some differences.
Car frame is the main bearing member of the car, which is composed of column, bottom beam, top beam and pull bar.
The car body is composed of car bottom plate, car wall and car top.
Setting inside the car: the general car is equipped with some or all of the following devices, the button operation box for manipulating the elevator; the indication board inside the car showing the running direction and position of the elevator; the alarm bell, telephone or intercom system for communication and liaison; the ventilation equipment such as fan or extractor fan; the lighting appliances to ensure that there is sufficient illumination; the elevator rated capacity, rated number of passengers and the name of the elevator manufacturer or the corresponding identification mark of the nameplate; power supply Power supply and key switch with/without driver’s control, etc. 2.
2. Determination of the effective floor area of the car (see teaching material).
3. design calculations of the car structure (see teaching material)
4. weighing devices for the car
Mechanical, rubber block and load cell type.
II. Counterweight
Counterweight is an indispensable part of traction elevator, it can balance the weight of the car and part of the elevator load weight, reduce the loss of motor power.
III. Compensation device
During the operation of the elevator, the length of the wire ropes on the car side and counterweight side as well as the accompanying cables under the car change constantly. As the position of the car and counterweight changes, this total weight will be distributed to both sides of the traction sheave in turn. In order to reduce the load difference of the traction sheave in the elevator drive and improve the traction performance of the elevator, it is advisable to use a compensating device.
1. Type of compensation device
Compensating chain, compensating rope or compensating cable is used. 2.
2. Calculation of compensating weight (see textbook)
IV. Guide rail
1. The main role of the guide rail
For the car and the counterweight in the vertical direction when the movement of the guide, limit the car and the counterweight in the horizontal direction of the movement.
Safety clamp action, the guide rail as a clamped support, support the car or counterweight.
It prevents the tipping of the car due to the partial load of the car.
2. Types of guide rail
The guide rail is usually made by machining or cold rolling.
Divided into “T”-shaped guideway and “M”-shaped guideway.
3. Guideway connection and installation
The length of each section of the guideway is generally 3-5 meters, the center of the two ends of the guideway are tongue and groove, the bottom surface of the end edge of the guideway has a machined plane for the connection of the guideway to connect the installation of the plate, the end of each guideway to use at least 4 bolts with the connecting plate.
4. Load-bearing analysis of the guideway (see textbook)
V. Guide shoe
Car guide shoe is installed in the car on the beam and the bottom of the car safety clamp seat below, the counterweight guide shoe is installed in the counterweight frame on the top and bottom, generally four per group.
The main types of guide shoe are sliding guide shoe and rolling guide shoe.
a. Sliding guide shoe – mainly used in the elevator below 2 m / s
Fixed sliding guide shoe
Flexible sliding guide shoe
b. Rolling guide shoe – Mainly used in high speed elevators, but can also be applied to medium speed elevators.